Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
Study | Study design | Target population and outcomes | N | Age | Sex | Follow up (weeks) | Attrition | QRS score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ackerson [54] | RCT | Adolescents with elevated depression symptoms (10+ on the Child Depression Inventory and 10+ on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression) | 22 | Mean 15 years and 11 months | M: 36% | 4 weeks follow up | 26.6% | 21 |
Allen [65] | Quasi-experiment | Students with test anxiety | 84 | 17–21 | M: 25% | 7 weeks | 24% | 14 |
Buglione [55] | Quasi-experiment | Students with test anxiety (scoring above the 60th percentile on the Test Anxiety Inventory) | 50 | 18–22 | M: 58% | Post treatment, but minimum of 6 weeks | 28% | 17 |
Denny [62] | Quasi-experiment | Students with spider fear (scoring in the upper 20th percentile of a spider fear inventory and failing a behavioural avoidance test) | 70 | 18–21 | M: 10% | Not clear (week following last therapy session) | Not clear | 13 |
Grossman [58] | RCT | Male students with dating anxiety | 50 | 18–21 | M: 100% | 4 weeks and 8 months follow up | 8% | 18 |
Lenkowsky [60] | Quasi-experiment | Self concept in students with learning disability and emotional handicap | 96 | 12–14 | M: 83% | Not clear (post treatment) | Not clear | 11 |
O'Kearney [56] | Quasi-experiment | Students with depression symptoms | 78 | 15–16 | M: 100% | 8–10 weeks and 16 weeks follow up | 41% | 23 |
Ramsey [63] | Quasi-experiment | Stress management training in students | 132 | 18 – 23+ | M: 47% | 4 weeks and 4 weeks follow up | 12% | 16 |
Register [57] | RCT | Students with test anxiety (meeting Test Anxiety Inventory criterion cut off score of 50) | 121 | Mean 18.6 | M: 31% | Treatment completion, 4 week follow up | 8% | 16 |
Robinson [66] | RCT | Health behaviour change in graduate and undergraduate students | 952 | 18–25 | Not clear | 16 weeks | 23% | 16 |
Salt [59] | Quasi-experiment | Self esteem and locus of control in high school students | 121 | 14–17 | M: 46% | 2 weeks | 13% | 12 |
Sandor [37] | RCT | Problem solving in adolescents living with single parent mothers who had been separated or divorced from fathers for approximately 6–48 months | 100 | 13 – 17 | M: 37% | 4 weeks post intervention and 4 weeks follow up | 3% | 24 |
Sheridan [61] | RCT | Prevention of problems in youth of changing families | 48 | 13–15 | M: 48% | Not clear | Not clear | 13 |
Walker [64] | Quasi-experiment | Competence building in adolescents in church youth and schools | 139 | 13–18 | M: 40% | 2 months | 22% | 15 |