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Table 4 Percentage of children physically disciplined at age 4.5 (n = 399), 9 (n = 414), and 11 (n = 393)

From: Physical discipline as a normative childhood experience in Singapore

Physical Coercion Dimension Item

Mothers (Self-Report)

Fathers (As Reported by Mothers)

Age 4.5

Age 9

Age 11

Age 4.5

Age 9

Age 11

Physical Punishment, General %a

84

77

68

71

64

54

Spank %a

81

73

67

71

59

52

Slap %a

43

39

30

28

22

18

Grab %a

58

50

42

51

41

30

Any Form of Physical Discipline %b

94

88

81

83

78

67

  1. aPercentage of children whose parents used the physical discipline, regardless of frequency of use, according to maternal reports
  2. bIn bold font are the percentages of children whose parents, regardless of frequency, used at least one physical discipline according to maternal reports
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Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health

ISSN: 1753-2000