Table 5 Bivariable analysis of clinical, psychosocial and family related factors of children and adolescents aged 5–14 year old attending paediatric outpatient at Wolaita sodo university comprehensive specialized hospital, Wolaita sodo, south Ethiopia 2022

Gestational period

Full term

51 (16.2%)

264 (83.8%)

1

1

Pre-term

14 (18.7%)

61 (81.3%)

1.18 (0.62, 2.28)

0.61

Post-term

5 (18.5%)

22 (81.5%)

1.17 (0.43, 3.25)

0.75

Duration of labour

< 10 h

39 (16.1%)

204 (83.9%)

1

1

≥ 10 h

31 (17.8%)

143 (82.2%)

1.13 (0.67, 1.90)

0.63

Mode of delivery

Normal vaginal

53 (17%)

258 (83%)

1

1

Vacuum

10 (16.7%)

50 (83.3%)

0.97 (0.46, 2.04)

0.94

Cesarean-section

7 (15.2%)

39 (84.8%)

0.87 (0.37, 2.06)

0.76

Exclusive breastfeeding method 1st 6 month

Only bottle feeding

16 (17.7%)

74 (82.3%)

1.09 (0.59, 2.02)

0.78

Bottle and Breast-feeding

54 (16.5%)

273 (83.5%)

1

1

Maternal Substance use

Yes

19 (17.3%)

91 (82.7%)

1.05 (0.59, 1.87)

0.87

No

51 (16.6%)

256 (83.4%)

1

1

Alcohol

Yes

6 (13.9%)

37 (86.1%)

0.78 (0.32, 1.94

0.6

No

64 (17.1%)

310 (82.9%)

1

1

Cigarette

Yes

2 (15.4%)

11 (84.6)

0.89 (0.19, 4.14

0.9

No

68 (16.8%)

336 (83.2%)

1

1

Khat

Yes

7 (21.8%)

25 (78.2)

1.4 (0.59, 3.45)

0.43

No

63 (16.4%)

322 (83.6%)

1

1

Others

Yes

6 (23%)

20 (77%)

1.5 (0.59, 3.96)

0.38

No

64 (16.4%)

327 (83.6%)

Family history of elimination disorder

Yes

38 (31%)

84 (69%)

3.72 (2.19, 6.32)

< 0.001*

No

32 (10.8%)

263 (89.2%)

1

1

Your child have snoring

Yes

34 (18.1%)

154 (81.9%)

1.18 (0.71, 1.98)

0.52

No

36 (15.7%)

193 (84.3%)

1

1

Post-traumatic stress disorder

Yes

14 (19.2%)

59 (80.8%)

1.2 (0.64, 2.34)

0.54

No

56 (16.3%)

288 (83, 7%)

1

1

Behavioral problem

Yes

25 (21.4%)

92 (78.6%)

1.54 (0.89, 2.65)

0.12*

No

45 (15%)

255 (85%)

1

1

Emotional problem

Yes

36 (26.3%)

101 (73.7%)

2.57 (1.53, 4.35)

< 0.001*

No

34 (12%)

246 (88%)

1

1

Conduct problem

Yes

13 (14.6%)

76 (85.4%)

0.81 (0.42, 1.56)

0.54

No

57 (17.4%)

271 (82.6%)

1

1

Hyperactive problem

Yes

24 (32.9%)

49 (67.1%)

3.17 (1.78, 5.66)

< 0.001*

No

46 (13.4%)

298 (86.6%)

1

1

Parenting practices of child

Positive

5 (11.9%)

37 (88.1%)

1

1

Inconsistent discipline

8 (7.1%)

105 (92.9%)

0.56 (0.17, 1.83)

0.34

Poor supervision

57 (21.7%)

205 (78.3%)

2.1 (0.77, 5.47)

0.15*

Clap and belt the child

Yes

13 (21.3%)

48 (78.7%)

1.4 (0.72, 2.79)

0.31

No

57 (16%)

299 (84%)

1

1

Restrict food and fluid

Yes

12 (19.3%)

50 (80.7%)

1.2 (0.62, 2.45)

0.56

No

58 (16.3%)

297 (83.7%)

1

1

Wash own cloth

Yes

11 (22%)

39 (78%)

1.5 (0.71, 3.04)

0.3

No

59 (16%)

308 (84%)

1

1

Giving sugary beverage

Yes

20 (20.2%)

79 (79.8%)

1.3 (0.76, 2.41)

0.3

No

50 (15.7%)

268 (84.3%)

1

1

Child toilet training skill

High

41 (15.6%)

221 (84.4%)

1

1

Medium

10 (11.4%)

78 (88.6%)

0.69 (0.33, 1.44)

0.33

Low

19 (28.4%)

48 (71.6%)

2.1 (1.14, 3.99)

0.018*