Parental psychological control and children’s self-esteem: A longitudinal investigation in children with and without oppositional defiant problems

Table 2 Correlations among the study variables

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
1. Age	1	−0.08	−0.13	−0.21^⁎	0.19^⁎⁎	0.14^⁎	0.20^⁎	0.16^⁎	0.10	0.05
2. Child self-esteem T1	−0.06	1	0.46^⁎⁎⁎	0.26^⁎⁎	−0.23^⁎⁎	−0.12	−0.06	−0.23^⁎⁎	−0.13	−0.12
3. Child self-esteem T2	0.03	0.40^⁎⁎⁎	1	0.36^⁎⁎⁎	−0.18^⁎	−0.27^⁎⁎⁎	−0.34^***	−0.10	−0.21^⁎⁎	−0.18^⁎
4. Child self-esteem T3	0.06	0.38^⁎⁎⁎	0.53^⁎⁎⁎	1	−0.18^⁎	−0.23^⁎⁎	−0.34^⁎⁎⁎	−0.13	−0.08	−0.26^⁎⁎
5. Maternal psychological control T1	−0.04	−0.05	−0.20^⁎⁎	−0.19^⁎	1	0.39^⁎⁎⁎	0.28^⁎⁎⁎	0.61^⁎⁎⁎	0.37^⁎⁎⁎	0.27^⁎⁎
6. Maternal psychological control T2	0.01	−0.09	−0.28^⁎⁎⁎	−0.24^⁎⁎	0.37^⁎⁎⁎	1	0.40^⁎⁎⁎	0.26^⁎⁎⁎	0.62^⁎⁎⁎	0.26^⁎⁎
7. Maternal psychological control T3	0.03	−0.02	−0.08	−0.24^⁎⁎	0.32^⁎⁎⁎	0.41^⁎⁎⁎	1	0.23^⁎⁎	0.30^⁎⁎⁎	0.60^⁎⁎⁎
8. Paternal psychological control T1	−0.02	−0.20^⁎⁎	−0.27^⁎⁎⁎	−0.11	0.55^⁎⁎⁎	0.25^⁎⁎⁎	0.18^⁎	1	0.46^⁎⁎⁎	0.38^⁎⁎⁎
9. Paternal psychological control T2	0.06	−0.09	−0.23^**	−0.16*	0.21^⁎⁎	0.66^⁎⁎⁎	0.19^⁎	0.30^⁎⁎⁎	1	0.42^⁎⁎⁎
10. Paternal psychological control T3	0.06	−0.04	−0.01	−0.19^⁎	0.19^⁎	0.25^⁎⁎	0.69^⁎⁎⁎	0.32^⁎⁎⁎	0.29^⁎⁎⁎	1

Note: Correlations for children with oppositional defiant problems are below the diagonal; those for children without oppositional defiant problems are above the diagonal.
^⁎p < 0.05, ^⁎⁎p < 0.01, ^⁎⁎⁎p < 0.001

ISSN: 1753-2000