Parental psychological control and children’s self-esteem: A longitudinal investigation in children with and without oppositional defiant problems

Table 5 Model comparison of reciprocal associations for children with and without oppositional defiant problems

	Children without oppositional defiant problems					Children with oppositional defiant problems					Group difference (Δχ²)
	b	SE	β	95% CI	p	b	SE	β	95% CI	p	Group difference (Δχ²)
Maternal model
Maternal effect	−0.06	0.03	−0.11	[−0.12, −0.00]	0.041	−0.09	0.03	−0.16	[−0.14, −0.03]	0.001	0.49
Child effect	−0.18	0.10	−0.11	[−0.37, 0.01]	0.068	−0.04	0.07	−0.03	[−0.19, 0.10]	0.560	1.34
Paternal model
Paternal effect	−0.02	0.03	−0.03	[−0.07, 0.04]	0.551	−0.07	0.03	−0.14	[−0.13, −0.02]	0.005	2.32
Child effect	−0.12	0.10	−0.08	[−0.33, 0.08]	0.238	0.05	0.08	0.03	[−0.10, 0.20]	0.526	2.09

ISSN: 1753-2000