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Table 3 The association of social factors with social media threats

From: Social media threats and health among adolescents: evidence from the health behaviour in school-aged children study

Variable

Family affluence (continuous)

Family support (continuous)

Friend support (continuous)

OR (CI 95%)

p value

OR (CI 95%)

p value

OR (CI 95%)

p value

Cyberbullying (ref. never)

      

 Daily

1.32 (0.45–3.88)

0.605

0.70 (0.57–0.86)

< 0.001

0.78 (0.64–0.94)

0.010

 Weekly

0.76 (0.38–1.53)

0.440

0.82 (0.72–0.93)

0.003

0.75 (0.65–0.85)

< 0.001

 Monthly

1.08 (0.64–1.82)

0.770

0.92 (0.82–1.03)

0.131

0.91 (0.81–1.02)

0.088

Sexual harassment (ref. never)

      

 Daily

0.60 (0.22–1.61

0.304

0.60 (0.49–0.72)

< 0.001

0.94 (0.78–1.13)

0.507

 Weekly

1.22 (0.54–2.79)

0.619

0.72 (0.62–0.83)

< 0.001

0.95 (0.83–1.09)

0.474

 Monthly

1.00 (0.61–1.64)

0.997

0.78 (0.70–0.87)

< 0.001

1.05 (0.94–1.17)

0.391

Racism (ref. never)

      

 Daily

1.99 (0.94–4.19)

0.071

0.78 (0.67–0.90)

< 0.001

1.00 (0.87–1.16)

0.974

 Weekly

1.00 (0.61–1.63)

0.983

0.86 (0.78–0.94)

< 0.001

0.96 (0.87–1.05)

0.311

 Monthly

1.04 (0.69–1.58)

0.848

0.96 (0.87–1.07)

0.485

1.01 (0.91–1.11)

0.860

Unauthorized distribution of sensitive material (ref. never)

      

 Daily

1.72 (0.72–4.10)

0.212

0.72 (0.62–0.84)

< 0.001

1.04 (0.89–1.21)

0.654

 Weekly

1.53 (0.99–2.37)

0.055

0.84 (0.76–0.93)

< 0.001

0.97 (0.89–1.07)

0.578

 Monthly

1.25 (0.86–1.81)

0.245

0.95 (0.87–1.04)

0.248

1.03 (0.94–1.12)

0.537

Phishing attempts (ref. never)

      

 Daily

1.92 (0.82–4.54)

0.134

0.75 (0.64–0.88)

< 0.001

0.86 (0.72–1.01)

0.062

 Weekly

1.15 (0.69–1.89)

0.598

0.82 (0.73–0.91)

< 0.001

0.93 (0.83–1.05)

0.246

 Monthly

1.13 (0.73–1.75)

0.579

0.98 (0.90–1.08)

0.738

0.96 (0.87–1.05)

0.318

Misinformation (ref. never)

      

 Daily

2.24 (1.25–4.03)

0.007

0.93 (0.80–1.07)

0.298

0.91 (0.78–1.05)

0.195

 Weekly

1.48 (0.93–2.34)

0.099

0.96 (0.86–1.07)

0.475

0.93 (0.83–1.04)

0.203

 Monthly

1.18 (0.71–1.98)

0.525

1.07 (0.94–1.21)

0.318

0.94 (0.83–1.06)

0.304

Sale or distribution of drugs (ref. never)

      

 Daily

1.85 (1.03–3.35)

0.041

0.68 (0.59–0.78)

< 0.001

1.19 (1.05–1.36)

0.009

 Weekly

1.57 (0.95–2.58)

0.076

0.79 (0.72–0.87)

< 0.001

1.05 (0.95–1.16)

0.331

 Monthly

1.07 (0.66–1.72)

0.796

0.85 (0.76–0.96)

0.006

1.11 (0.99–1.23)

0.071

Harmful social media challenges (ref. never)

      

 Daily

1.51 (0.61–3.77)

0.359

0.65 (0.55–0.75)

< 0.001

1.13 (0.97–1.32)

0.111

 Weekly

1.34 (0.87–2.06)

0.180

0.87 (0.79–0.95)

0.003

0.98 (0.89–1.07)

0.596

 Monthly

1.76 (1.21–2.57)

0.003

0.95 (0.87–1.04)

0.293

0.97 (0.89–1.06)

0.479

Content that causes appearance pressures (ref. never)

      

 Daily

1.81 (1.00–3.29)

0.050

0.63 (0.55–0.71)

< 0.001

1.00 (0.89–1.13)

0.997

 Weekly

1.67 (1.05–2.65)

0.029

0.79 (0.71–0.88)

< 0.001

0.94 (0.85–1.04)

0.236

 Monthly

2.63 (1.66–4.18)

< 0.001

0.86 (0.76–0.97)

0.014

0.95 (0.85–1.06)

0.312

  1. Fixed-effect multinomial logistic regression models: odds ratios (OR); 95% confidence intervals (CI); ref. reference category
  2. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. The significant associations have been bolded
  3. Regression models for each social media threat were run separately. The models were adjusted for gender, age, emotional intelligence, FAS, family support, friend support, PSMU, online communication with strangers. Social media threats were treated as outcome variables in the models
  4. Emotional intelligence was only included for 15-year-olds
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Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health

ISSN: 1753-2000