Fig. 2

Cross-lagged panel model of executive function problems (Model 2). The item initials in the item labels (WM or I) denote whether the item belonged to the working memory or inhibition sub-facet of the executive function questionnaire. The first number in the item labels denotes the item index (1 to 4) and the second number denotes the measurement timepoint (1 or 2). The figure depicts standardized path coefficients and unstandardized residual variances. We fixed T2 EF residual variance at zero. Residual covariances between the same item measured at different timepoints are omitted from the plot to avoid clutter