Fig. 4

Cross-lagged panel model of delay aversion (Model 4). The item initials in the item labels (DA) denote that the items belonged to the delay aversion questionnaire. The first number in the item labels denotes the item index (1 to 2) and the second number denotes the measurement timepoint (1 or 2). The figure depicts standardized path coefficients and unstandardized residual variances. Residual covariances between the same item measured at different timepoints are omitted from the plot to avoid clutter