The 5-year outcomes of a health-empowerment program on low-income children’s behaviors and quality of life

Table 3 Association between health empowerment program and changes in outcomes after 5-year follow-up

	B (95% CI)	p-value for β	Adjusted R²	F ratio
SDQ
Emotional symptoms	− 0.11 (− 0.54, 0.32)	0.607	0.47	15.46	< 0.001*
Conduct problems	− 0.66 (− 1.01, − 0.31)	< 0.001*	0.52	18.33	< 0.001*
Hyperactivity inattention	− 0.67 (− 1.14, − 0.20)	0.005*	0.27	7.04	< 0.001*
Peer problem	− 0.34 (− 0.78, 0.10)	0.126	0.45	14.45	< 0.001*
Prosocial behavior	0.53 (0.02, 1.03)	0.040	0.34	9.17	< 0.001*
Total difficulties	− 1.89 (− 3.10, − 0.68)	0.002*	0.35	9.76	< 0.001*
CHQ
PHS	0.74 (− 1.43, 2.91)	0.503	0.38	8.78	< 0.001*
PSS	2.75 (0.49, 5.02)	0.017*	0.42	12.05	< 0.001*

SDQ Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, CHQ Child Health Questionnaire Parent Form 28, PHS Physical Summary score, PSS Psychosocial Summary score.
*Bonferroni correction was performed. For SDQ analyses, the threshold for significance is reduced to alpha/number of analyses = 0.05/6 = 0.008; p value < 0.008 is statistically significant; For CHQ analyses, the threshold for significance is reduced to alpha/number of analyses = 0.05/2 = 0.025; p value < 0.025 is statistically significant. Aforementioned covariates and baseline scores in the respective domain is controlled for in the analysis.

ISSN: 1753-2000