Table 3 Adjusted multivariable logistic regression analysis of current anxiety/depression with physical activity status, parental nativity, sociodemographic factors, and neighborhood characteristics among U.S. children with (n = 19,082) and without (n = 121,895) ADHD

Child’s number of days of physical activity

 0 days

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

 1 to 3 days

0.58*** (0.51, 0.66)

0.58*** (0.51, 0.66)

0.61*** (0.51, 0.74)

0.64*** (0.52, 0.77)

 4 to 6 days

0.38*** (0.33, 0.43)

0.39*** (0.34, 0.46)

0.50*** (0.40, 0.61)

0.52*** (0.42, 0.65)

 Every day

0.36*** (0.31, 0.42)

0.36*** (0.31, 0.43)

0.51*** (0.41, 0.64)

0.52*** (0.41, 0.66)

Parental nativity

 Immigrant

0.53*** (0.45, 0.62)

0.60** (0.43, 0.82)

0.79 (0.60, 1.04)

0.88 (0.50, 1.55)

 Non-immigrant

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

 Other (Parent unknown)

1.07 (0.88, 1.29)

0.83 (0.57, 1.20)

1.10 (0.88, 1.37)

1.27 (0.76, 2.14)

Parental nativity X Child’s number of days of physical activity

F (6, 140365) = 1.33, p = 0.239

F (6, 140348) = 0.37, p = 0.896

 Non-immigrant X 0 days

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

 Immigrant X 1 to 3 days

0.93 (0.64, 1.35)

0.93 (0.46, 1.88)

 Other (Parent unknown) X 1 to 3 days

1.47 (0.93, 2.32)

0.75 (0.40, 1.41)

 Immigrant X 4 to 6 days

0.69 (0.46, 1.04)

0.71 (0.33, 1.51)

 Other (Parent unknown) X 4 to 6 days

1.09 (0.64, 1.84)

0.92 (0.45, 1.88)

 Immigrant X Every day

0.86 (0.51, 1.46)

1.02 (0.43, 2.41)

 Other (Parent unknown) X Every day

1.49 (0.84, 2.64)

0.94 (0.47, 1.85)

Child’s age (in years)

 6–11

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

 12–17

2.14*** (1.95, 2.35)

2.14*** (1.95, 2.35)

1.26** (1.10, 1.43)

1.26** (1.10, 1.43)

Child’s sex

 Male

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

 Female

1.61*** (1.48, 1.77)

1.61*** (1.48, 1.76)

1.48***(1.30, 1.69)

1.48*** (1.30, 1.69)

Child’s Race and Ethnicity

 Hispanic

0.77** (0.65, 0.90)

0.77***

0.76* (0.61, 0.94)

0.76* (0.61, 0.94)

 Non-Hispanic Asian

0.36*** (0.27, 0.48)

0.36*** (0.27, 0.48)

0.41*** (0.27, 0.63)

0.41*** (0.26, 0.62)

 Non-Hispanic Black

0.37*** (0.31, 0.44)

0.37*** (0.31, 0.44)

0.62*** (0.50, 0.77)

0.62*** (0.50, 0.77)

 Non-Hispanic White

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

 Other/Multi-racial, non-Hispanic

0.89 (0.75, 1.60)

0.90 (0.76, 1.07)

1.16 (0.93, 1.44)

1.17 (0.94, 1.46)

Child’s nativity

 Born in the U.S.

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

 Born outside U.S.

0.81 (0.59, 1.12)

0.80 (0.58, 1.10)

1.34 (0.85, 2.13)

1.37 (0.87, 2.14)

Educational level of adults in child’s household

 Less than high school

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

 High school or GED

1.17 (0.88, 1.56)

1.18 (0.89, 1.58)

1.35 (0.91, 1.99)

1.35 (0.91, 1.99)

 Some college/technical school

1.38* (1.05, 1.81)

1.39* (1.06, 1.83)

1.43 (0.98, 2.07)

1.43 (0.98, 2.08)

 College degree or higher

1.56** (1.19, 2.04)

1.58** (1.20, 2.06)

1.48* (1.03, 2.15)

1.48* (1.03, 2.15)

Neighborhood safety

 Unsafe neighborhood

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

 Safe neighborhood

0.63*** (0.50, 0.80)

0.63*** (0.50, 0.80)

0.74 (0.54, 1.02)

0.73 (0.53, 1.01)

Neighborhood support/cohesion/social capital (Mean [SD])

0.90*** (0.88, 0.92)

0.90*** (0.88, 0.92)

0.93*** (0.89, 0.96)

0.93*** (0.90, 0.96)

Neighborhood amenities

 None

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

 Neighborhood contains 1 to 4 amenities

1.19* (1.03, 1.37)

1.19* (1.03, 1.37)

1.28** (1.08, 1.53)

1.29** (1.08, 1.53)

Neighborhood detracting elements

 None

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

1 [Reference]

 Neighborhood has all 3 detracting elements

1.18** (1.05, 1.32)

1.18** (1.05, 1.32)

1.11 (0.95, 1.31)

1.11 (0.94, 1.31)