Table 4 Characteristics of young adults sentenced with juvenile or adult sanctions before matching
From: Juvenile sanctions for young adult offenders in the Netherlands: an opportunity for rehabilitation?
| Â | Juvenile sanction | Adult sanction |
|---|---|---|
(n = 671) | (n = 7221) | |
%/M | %/M | |
Sociodemographic characteristics | ||
 Male (%)* | 92.3 | 88.9 |
Migration background (%)* | ||
 Netherlands | 50.2 | 42.6 |
 Morocco/Turkey | 21.5 | 21.9 |
Surinam/Neth. Antilles and Aruba | 10.3 | 13.8 |
 Other | 18.0 | 21.7 |
Highest level of education pursued (%)* | ||
 Primary or lower secondary | 45.3 | 21.5 |
 Community college 1 | 4.0 | 4.1 |
 Community college 2 | 29.1 | 28.6 |
 Community college 3 | 6.1 | 10.4 |
 Community college 4 | 8.9 | 17.8 |
 Higher secondary or university | 1.9 | 5.5 |
 Unknown | 4.6 | 12.2 |
Working/schooling participation (%)* | ||
 Employed | 10.3 | 19.9 |
 Unemployment benefits | 32.0 | 23.8 |
 Student | 38.2 | 26.7 |
 No registered income | 19.5 | 29.5 |
Type of household (%)* | ||
 With parents | 60.4 | 55.2 |
 Independent | 17.6 | 19.6 |
 Independent with housemate(s) | 6.3 | 9.8 |
 Institutionalized | 11.3 | 4.4 |
 Unknown | 4.5 | 11.0 |
Criminal case characteristics (M) | ||
 Age at time of committing the crime* | 19.4 | 20.7 |
 Start of criminal case since introduction ACL. in days* | 336.6 | 277.0 |
 Maximum possible sentence | 5.8 | 4.6 |
Type of crime (%) | ||
 Violent crime | 31.0 | 29.5 |
 Drug crime | 6.0 | 9.1 |
 Sexual crime | 3.0 | 1.0 |
 Violent property crime | 17.4 | 4.5 |
 Non-violent property crime | 40.8 | 41.3 |
 Vandalism and public disturbance | 20.6 | 23.5 |
 Other | 9.2 | 10.6 |
Court District (%) | ||
 Amsterdam | 6.1 | 7.8 |
 North Holland | 5.4 | 8.6 |
 Central Netherlands | 10.7 | 11.1 |
 North Netherlands | 13.4 | 9.2 |
 The Hague | 8.0 | 14.0 |
 Rotterdam | 18.6 | 14.7 |
 Limburg | 6.9 | 5.9 |
 East Brabant | 6.1 | 5.7 |
 Zealand West Brabant | 6.3 | 6.7 |
 Gelderland | 12.2 | 10.4 |
 Overijssel | 6.3 | 5.7 |
Criminal career characteristics (M) | ||
 Age at time first criminal case | 16.3 | 17.1 |
 Total number of criminal cases | 3.6 | 3.4 |
 Conviction density | 1.2 | 1.0 |
 Average maximum possible sentence | 5.1 | 4.4 |