Table 1 Sample characteristics by baseline conduct problems
Characteristic | Overall, N = 20,137a | Without conduct problems, N = 18,328a | With conduct problems, N = 1,809a | p-valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 13.40 ± 1.45 | 13.42 ± 1.46 | 13.24 ± 1.36 | < 0.001 |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | 0.002 |
 Boys | 9,952 (49.4%) | 8994 (49.1%) | 958 (53.0%) |  |
 Girls | 10,185 (50.6%) | 9334 (50.9%) | 851 (47.0%) |  |
Grade |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 7 | 13,361 (66.4%) | 12,027 (65.6%) | 1,334 (73.7%) |  |
 10 | 6776 (33.6%) | 6301 (34.4%) | 475 (26.3%) |  |
Residence | Â | Â | Â | 0.445 |
 Urban | 7237 (35.9%) | 6572 (35.9%) | 665 (36.8%) |  |
 Country | 12,900 (64.1%) | 11,756 (64.1%) | 1144 (63.2%) |  |
Single child |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 No | 15,606 (77.5%) | 14,304 (78.0%) | 1302 (72.0%) |  |
 Yes | 4531 (22.5%) | 4024 (22.0%) | 507 (28.0%) |  |
Left-behind child | Â | Â | Â | 0.074 |
 No | 13,383 (66.5%) | 12,215 (66.6%) | 1168 (64.6%) |  |
 Yes | 6754 (33.5%) | 6113 (33.4%) | 641 (35.4%) |  |
Father education level | Â | Â | Â | 0.248 |
 Below high school | 15,453 (76.7%) | 14,045 (76.6%) | 1408 (77.8%) |  |
 High school or above | 4684 (23.3%) | 4283 (23.4%) | 401 (22.2%) |  |
Mother education level | Â | Â | Â | 0.724 |
 Below high school | 16,032 (79.6%) | 14,586 (79.6%) | 1,446 (79.9%) |  |
 High school or above | 4105 (20.4%) | 3742 (20.4%) | 363 (20.1%) |  |
Family type |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Nuclear family | 15,977 (79.3%) | 14,648 (79.9%) | 1329 (73.5%) |  |
 Single parent or remarried | 4160 (20.7%) | 3680 (20.1%) | 480 (26.5%) |  |
Alcohol use |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Without | 16,742 (83.1%) | 15,505 (84.6%) | 1237 (68.4%) |  |
 With | 3395 (16.9%) | 2823 (15.4%) | 572 (31.6%) |  |
Smoking use |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Without | 18,743 (93.1%) | 17,268 (94.2%) | 1475 (81.5%) |  |
 With | 1394 (6.9%) | 1060 (5.8%) | 334 (18.5%) |  |
PSQI scores | 4.0 ± 3.2 | 3.8 ± 3.0 | 6.0 ± 3.8 | < 0.001 |
Impaired sleep quality |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Without | 14,461 (71.8%) | 13,578 (74.1%) | 883 (48.8%) |  |
 With | 5676 (28.2%) | 4750 (25.9%) | 926 (51.2%) |  |
IGDS9-SF scores | 15.0 ± 6.5 | 14.5 ± 6.0 | 19.8 ± 8.7 | < 0.001 |
IGD status |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Adolescents without problematic gaming | 16,602 (82.4%) | 15,556 (84.9%) | 1046 (57.8%) |  |
 Risky gamer | 3019 (15.0%) | 2435 (13.3%) | 584 (32.3%) |  |
 Gamer with IGD | 516 (2.6%) | 337 (1.8%) | 179 (9.9%) |  |
Hyperactivity/inattention symptoms |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Without | 18,155 (90.2%) | 1268 (70.1%) | 16,887 (92.1%) |  |
 With | 1982 (9.8%) | 541 (29.9%) | 1441 (7.9%) |  |
Emotional problems |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Without | 18,088 (89.8%) | 16,856 (92.0%) | 1232 (68.1%) |  |
 With | 2049 (10.2%) | 1472 (8.0%) | 577 (31.9%) |  |
Peer problems |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Without | 18,485 (91.8%) | 17,011 (92.8%) | 1474 (81.5%) |  |
With | 1652 (8.2%) | 1317 (7.2%) | 335 (18.5%) | Â |