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Table 4 Psychological outcomes of daughters and sons as well as mothers and fathers differentiated by the number of experienced aces

From: Sex-specific differences in the experience of adverse childhood experiences: transmission, protective, and risk factors from the perspectives of parents and their children-results of an 18-year German longitudinal study

 

Daughters

Sons

 

PHQ-9

M (SD)

GAD-7

M (SD)

FLZ

M (SD)

PHQ-9

M (SD)

GAD-7

M (SD)

FLZ

M (SD)

0 ACE

5.3 (4.3)

4.4 (3.6)

68.0 (28.2)

5.0 (3.9)

3.9 (3.4)

55.6 (32.5)

1–3 ACEs

7.8 (4.6)

6.4 (3.7)

46.9 (32.8)

6.9 (5.6)

4.9 (4.7)

50.2 (36.0)

≥ 4 ACEs

11.0 (6.0)

8.4 (4.7)

32.9 (43.5)

14.6 (7.3)

10.6 (5.9)

− 8.8 (48.5)

 

Mothers

Fathers

0 ACE

3.9 (2.7)

3.2 (2.4)

70.8 (31.6)

3.0 (2.6)

2.3 (2.5)

71.5 (28.3)

1–3 ACEs

5.3 (4.3)

4.4 (3.6)

60.3 (33.4)

3.8 (3.0)

2.8 (2.4)

62.8 (32.4)

≥ 4 ACEs

9.0 (6.1)

6.2 (4.8)

43.0 (36.6)

5.0 (4.9)

5.0 (4.5)

46.2 (29.1)

  1. 0 ACEs: daughters: n = 65, sons n = 68; 1–3 ACEs: daughters: n = 58, sons n = 72; ≥4 ACEs: daughters: n = 21, sons n = 5
  2. 0 ACEs: mothers: n = 103, fathers n = 86; 1–3 ACEs: mothers: n = 125, fathers n = 36; ≥4 ACEs: mothers: n = 40, fathers n = 11
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Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health

ISSN: 1753-2000