Table 5 Results of the multiple linear regression models to predict the number of aces experienced by daughters and sons using maternal and paternal factors at kindergarten age (Pre)

Constant

1.4

1.4

0.312

0.5

0.9

0.570

1.4

1.4

0.344

− 0.8

1.0

0.440

Socioeconomic status

0 = low-middle, 1 = high

− 0.8

0.3

− 0.21

0.014

1.1

− 0.2

0.2

− 0.09

0.332

1.1

− 0.5

0.3

− 0.20

0.073

1.0

0.1

0.2

0.02

0.832

0.913

Triple P

0 = no participation, 1 = participation

− 0.8

0.4

− 0.19

0.029

1.1

0.2

0.2

0.09

0.347

1.0

− 0.5

0.3

− 0.16

0.161

1.0

0.3

0.2

0.16

0.147

1.1

Mental health problems of the parent (DASS)

0.0

0.0

0.03

0.694

1.2

0.2

0.2

0.01

0.959

1.4

0.1

0.0

0.18

0.132

1.1

0.0

0.0

0.18

0.129

1.2

Dysfunctional parenting (EFB)

0.4

0.3

0.12

0.173

1.2

0.0

0.0

0.01

0.930

1.4

− 0.1

0.3

− 0.03

0.824

1.1

0.0

0.2

− 0.01

0.926

1.2

Internalizing mental health problems of the child (CBCL– T-values)

0.4

0.1

0.22

0.044

1.8

0.0

0.0

− 0.14

0.313

2.3

0.0

0.0

0.01

0.715

1.7

− 0.0

0.0

− 0.16

0.273

2.1

Exernalizing mental health problems of the child (CBCL– T-values)

0.0

0.0

− 0.10

0.362

2.0

0.0

0.0

0.18

0.173

2.2

0.0

0.0

0.08

0.580

1.8

0.1

0.0

0.31

0.041

2.0

Model statistics

R² = 0.17, F (6, 128) = 4.5,

p <.001

R² = 0.04, F (6, 123) = 0.8,

p =.608

R² = 0.11, F (6, 74) = 1.6,

p =.167

R² = 0.14, F (6, 80) = 2.2,

p =.053