Table 4 Linear regression analysis to predict the EBI total score T value and PHQ total score

R²= 0.270 F (11) = 150,214 p = < 0.001

R²= 0.205 F (11) = 104,998 p = < 0.001

Parent Age

− 0.025

0.029

− 0.012

0.391

− 0.025

0.007

− 0.052

< 0.001*

Single Parent

0.801

0.487

0.021

0.100

0.419

0.114

0.050

< 0.001*

Siblings

2.124

0.284

0.103

< 0.001*

0.274

0.066

0.059

< 0.001*

External care

0.386

0.153

0.034

0.012

0.136

0.036

0.053

< 0.001*

Child chronic illness or impairment

− 0.275

0.901

− 0.004

0.760

0.403

0.211

0.026

0.056

Parent education (dichotomized)

− 0.3005E-5

0.001

0.000

0.973

0.000

0.000

0.007

0.587

Financial situation (dichotomized)

0.471

0.258

0.024

0.068

− 0.286

0.060

− 0.065

< 0.001*

Child Age

0.107

0.030

0.047

< 0.001*

0.015

0.007

0.029

0.038

Social challenges

0.476

0.037

0.169

< 0.001*

0.100

0.009

0.157

< 0.001*

Infant crying, whining, fussing

10.011

0.358

0.386

< 0.001*

1.605

0.0840

0.276

< 0.001*

Infant feeding

5.102

0.432

0.162

< 0.001*

1.257

0.101

0.178

< 0.001*

Toddlers

R²= 0.191 F (10) = 167,248 p = < 0.001

R²= 0.153 F (10) = 127,975 p = < 0.001

Parent Age

0.043

0.022

0.022

0.051

− 0.009

0.006

− 0.018

0.123

Single Parent

0.237

0.355

0.007

0.504

0.615

0.094

0.073

< 0.001*

Siblings

0.343

0.203

0.019

0.092

0.101

0.054

0.021

0.061

External care

0.959

0.076

0.144

< 0.001*

0.114

0.020

0.066

< 0.001*

Child chronic illness or impairment

− 0.355

0.479

− 0.008

0.458

0.199

0.127

0.017

0.116

Parent education (dichotomized)

0.001

0.001

0.020

0.065

0.000

0.000

0.014

0.210

Financial situation (dichotomized)

0.158

0.203

0.009

0.437

− 0.342

0.054

− 0.072

< 0.001*

Child Age

− 0.047

0.010

− 0.053

< 0.001*

− 0.001

0.003

− 0.006

0.628

Societal challenges

0.463

0.029

0.174

< 0.001*

0.114

0.008

0.165

< 0.001*

Child emotional and behavioral problems

0.680

0.021

0.361

< 0.001*

0.143

0.005

0.295

< 0.001*

Pre- and primary schoolers

R²= 0.225 F (10) = 167,384 p = < 0.001

R²= 0.170 F (10) = 117,702 p = < 0.001

Parent Age

0.062

0.024

0.032

0.011

− 0.003

0.006

− 0.006

0.666

Single Parent

0.761

0.364

0.025

0.037

0.656

0.091

0.090

< 0.001*

Siblings

1.109

0.290

0.045

< 0.001*

0.042

0.072

0.007

0.561

External care

1.055

0.092

0.147

< 0.001*

0.090

0.023

0.052

< 0.001*

Child chronic illness or impairment

− 0.830

0.385

− 0.026

0.031

0.327

0.096

0.042

< 0.001*

Parent education (dichotomized)

0.001

0.001

0.007

0.530

0.000

0.000

− 0.023

0.056

Financial situation (dichotomized)

1.078

0.243

0.054

< 0.001*

− 0.105

0.061

− 0.022

0.083

Child Age

− 0.021

0.006

− 0.048

< 0.001*

0.004

0.002

0.034

0.013

Societal challenges

0.564

0.034

0.198

< 0.001*

0.127

0.008

0.184

< 0.001*

Child emotional and behavioral problems

0.694

0.002

0.386

< 0.001*

0.128

0.006

0.294

< 0.001*