Table 1 Characteristics of participants
Variable | Percentage (%) / Mean ± SD |
|---|---|
Age (years) | 4.91 ± 0.92 |
BMI (kg/m²) | 15.74 ± 1.71 |
Gender (n, %) | |
 Boy | 449 (54.2) |
 Girl | 379 (45.8) |
District (n,%) | |
 Baoshan district | 464 (56.0) |
 Jing’an district | 121 (14.6) |
 Minhang district | 243 (29.4) |
Class Level (n, %) | |
 Junior class | 122 (14.7) |
 Middle class | 235 (28.4) |
 Senior class | 471 (56.9) |
Only Child (n, %) | |
 Yes | 570 (68.8%) |
 No | 258 (31.2%) |
Parental education level (n, %) | |
 Primary/junior high school | 14 (1.7%) |
 High school/vocational school | 56 (6.8%) |
 Bachelor/associate degree | 580 (70.0%) |
 Master’s degree or higher | 178 (21.5%) |
Parental Attitudes toward physical activity (n, %) | |
 Very positive | 195 (23.6%) |
 Somewhat positive | 243 (29.4%) |
 Neutral | 315 (38.0%) |
 Not positive | 75 (9.0%) |
Mental health scores | |
 Total difficulties score | 9.05 ± 3.25 |
 Internalizing problems | 3.99 ± 2.20 |
 Emotional symptoms | 1.93 ± 1.51 |
 Peer relationship problems | 2.06 ± 1.31 |
 Externalizing problems | 5.68 ± 2.49 |
 Conduct problems | 1.82 ± 1.06 |
 Hyperactivity/Inattention | 3.85 ± 1.94 |
 Prosocial Behavior | 6.85 ± 1.82 |